Prep the mushrooms: Heat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a sheet pan with parchment. Gently twist off stems and scrape out gills with a spoon.
Brush both sides with olive oil and season with salt and pepper.
Pre-bake the caps: Place mushrooms gill side down and bake for 10 minutes. Flip to gill side up and let any moisture drain off. This step helps avoid soggy bottoms.
Cook the aromatics: In a skillet over medium heat, add 2 tablespoons olive oil.
Sauté onion with a pinch of salt until soft, 4–5 minutes. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Add the veggies: Stir in spinach and cook until wilted. Mix in sun-dried tomatoes and turn off the heat.
Build the filling: Stir in breadcrumbs, Parmesan, half the mozzarella, parsley, balsamic, red pepper flakes, and a few grinds of black pepper.
Taste and adjust salt. Fold in any optional add-ins now.
Stuff the caps: Spoon the filling evenly into the mushrooms, mounding slightly. Top with the remaining mozzarella.
Bake to finish: Return to the oven and bake 12–15 minutes, until cheese is melted and golden at the edges.
For extra color, broil 1–2 minutes, watching closely.
Serve: Let rest 3 minutes. Finish with a squeeze of lemon and a sprinkle of parsley. Serve warm.